Maybe you can tell by looking at the charge ports for the system.
The R12 system used standard schrader stems that basically look like tire inflation stems while R134 uses a "snap on" fitting like the connection for an air hose to an impact gun or other shop tool.
AC Service Fittings.jpg
The big problem of doing this is that most R12 systems have now been converted to R134 using adapters that thread over the original schrader stems so you will need to look closely to verify which are the original fittings.
The mounting for the compressors is what is different, so seeing the later type quick disconnect fittings will NOT guarantee that you have an original R134 system.
It might be a good idea to take it to an A/C specialty shop and have them confirm it is an R12 system, an R134 system or an R12 converted to R134 system.
An R12 compressor will work with R134 but it will not mount with the mounting parts used for the R134 system. Of course, the R12 compressor will also NOT mount to the R134 mounting parts.
R12 Compressor and Mount.jpg
R134 Compressor and Mount.jpg
It isn't very easy to see the compressor, but maybe these illustrations will help you identify which compressor you have.
The R12 compressor back end is mostly rounded while the R134 compressor is quite square-ish.
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