by Low Profile » Tue 28.03.2006, 22:58
Cushion dimensions
Recommended dimensions (see TA Leaflet 4/94) for speed cushions are:
side ramp gradients not steeper than 1:4
off/on ramps not steeper than 1:8, (curved on/off ramps should have an average gradient not steeper than 1:5)
a maximum height of 80mm (though 75mm has since been found to be a preferable maximum)
maximum length 3700mm
maximum width 2000mm (for bus routes a width of between 1600mm to 1700mm is preferred)
Most of the schemes investigated adhered to the above dimensions, but some differences occurred. Widths generally ranged from 1500mm to 2100mm, lengths from 1700mm to 4750mm, and height 60mm to 100mm. The gradients of on/off ramps varied from 1:3.5 to 1:12, and side ramp gradients varied between 1:3.5 to 1:5.25. Small circular cushions of 1380mm in diameter were used in one scheme as part of a bus route, and in another location cushions only 1000mm wide were installed.
There was no indication from the study that the variation in dimensions used offered any particular advantage over the recommended dimensions. However, where the proportion of heavy commercial vehicles is high, the narrower 1500mm wide cushion may have some advantage in limiting any adverse traffic noise and ground-borne vibrations (see TA Leaflet 2/97).
To avoid the possibility of vehicles grounding on the cushions, in some schemes cushion heights were only 65mm high: in one case a 65mm high cushion was subsequently lowered to 55mm. Despite this, generally the evidence suggests that a maximum height of 75mm should be satisfactory. Speed cushions less than 2000mm long may result in cars being able to straddle the cushion lengthways, increasing the chance of a vehicle grounding on the top of the cushion. Consequently, when short length cushions (2000mm or less) are to be used it may be advisable to limit the maximum height to 65mm. TRL have suggested that to limit grounding, particularly where there are vehicles with low ground clearances combined with long wheelbases or low front overhangs, the cushion plateau should not be less than 800mm in length, with the overall length not less than 2000mm, and ramps no steeper than 1:8.
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